br Conclusions In the present study decreased AChE and incre

Conclusions In the present study, decreased AChE and increased BuChE and BeChE activities were observed in greenhouse workers relative to control subjects; however, these changes cannot be related to OP exposure but likely to pesticide-induced oxidative stress or a mild inflammatory state. The increase in some PON1 activities (AREase, DZOase and, to a lower extent, POase) observed in greenhouse workers might be the consequence of enhanced protein MG-132 to counter the pesticide-induced decrease in AChE. Besides, AREase and lactonase appear to be modulated by PON1 genetic polymorphisms. For regulatory risk assessment, biologic monitoring of these enzyme activities among pesticide users may be warranted to identify individuals at particularly high risk of pesticide-related health effects.
Acknowledgments The content of brown algae article is part of the Ph.D. thesis of David Lozano-Paniagua, which was conducted within the doctoral program “Clinical Medicine and Public Health” of the University of Granada. This study was supported by a grant from the Council of Innovation of the Andalusian Government (reference number P09-CVI-5062).