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    • br Hierarchical structure of HSR related urban networks

    2018-11-02


    Hierarchical structure of HSR-related urban networks
    Conclusion
    Introduction The world is experiencing a global crisis because of environmental degradation. The extent of urbanization rate is one of the major culprits of urban pollution and its deteriorating ecology. Population growth and physical expansion of cities have raised concerns regarding the quality of urban spaces and, consequently, the quality of the architecture taking shape within them. However, the UN-Habitat (UN-Habitat, 2012) considers urban withaferin a Supplier growth as a good opportunity for the human and economic development of societies and introduces the “City Prosperity” framework, which discusses a type of balanced development that considers all human, social, economic, and environmental aspects in the scale of a city. This framework raises the argument that city authorities cannot withhold a group of people from migrating to cities and benefiting from its opportunities. Instead, they should pursue necessary actions to create a balanced city development program where the shared benefits are distributed equally. Considering this type of city development, we understandably must enhance the quality of the city environment. The vast majority of the city area consists of buildings. Buildings can assure their occupants either healthy or sickly living conditions based on the quality of different embedded design strategies. The concept of a healthy building is believed to be a “built environment that encourages positive well-being of human beings” (Ho et al., 2004). For decades, researchers have conducted studies to investigate the relationship between human health and the built environment. Different factors in a building affect its safety and hygiene. For example, factors such as lighting, quality of air, thermal comfort, aural comfort, colors, and textures are known to have a positive relationship with a healthy built environment (Rousseau and Wasley, 1997). Apart from these physical dimensions, some immeasurable aspects, such as aesthetics, job satisfaction, and social relationships, play important roles in the state of general well-being (Samuelsson, 2000). Conversely, buildings are also found to be a probable cause for the sickly conditions of their inhabitants, a condition known as sick building syndrome. Many believe that sick building syndrome is mostly related to indoor air quality (Hedge et al., 1989) and psychological factors (Finnegan et al., 1984a). The built environment also has a significant impact on human health. The extent of a building׳s impact on human health and the environment depends on the design, materials, and methods used for construction and operation (Vittori, 2002). Healthy building is a general concept that must be adapted to the overall condition of a city, given that building factors tend to be dependent on city and time (Ho et al., 2004). Studies show that transferring practical experiences from one country to the other is extremely complicated and challenging. This finding is mostly explained by these experiences occurring in a different time and place. Thus, a city must find its own development program based on its unique history, culture, and living conditions (UN-Habitat, 2012). The UN-Habitat report shows with convincing evidence that the concept of prosperity and the acquired development decisions must be revised; to be practically useful, Klinefelter syndrome have to adapt to the target society (Stead, 2012). In other words, an array of differences in existing living conditions hinders the exact implementation of a successful experience in all countries (Stead, 2013).
    Methodology This study investigates the health and safety impact of a building׳s internal and external environment throughout the strategies driven from the UN-Habitat city prosperity manifest by using a simplified logical argumentation (Fig. 1). Policies, indices, and variables introduced by the UN-Habitat for balanced development in the life of cities can be translated into architecture and provide a desirable environment for human living spaces. Thus, some variables and sub-indices are extracted from the manifest for architectural translation. The study first reviews city prosperity manifest alongside relative existing literature concerning its five dimensions. Logical argumentation is used to identify major architectural policies in both the design and programming phase that improves the health and safety condition of buildings. Then, using a focus group discussion with a group of experts in the case of Tehran, we attempted to prioritize the policies for achieving a set of healthy construction policies unique to Tehran. Accordingly, in-depth group and individual interviews were conducted until the experts achieved unity in their opinions. Consequently, some of the policies were admitted or discarded from the original chart, and groups of repeated factors were aggregated into a single category. In the final step, the aggregated policies were categorized into different actions based on their priority and importance. Finally, the perceived strategies were summarized into Tehran Healthy Building design decisions.